[et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ _builder_version=“3.22″ background_image=“https:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/11Header_6_History.jpg“][et_pb_row _builder_version=“3.25″ custom_padding=“120px||200px|“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“3.25″ custom_padding=“|||“ custom_padding__hover=“|||“][et_pb_text admin_label=“HISTORY“ _builder_version=“3.27.4″ text_text_color=“#ffffff“ text_font_size=“56px“]<\/p>\n
HISTORY<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ _builder_version=“3.22″][et_pb_row _builder_version=“3.25″ background_size=“initial“ background_position=“top_left“ background_repeat=“repeat“ custom_padding=“27px|0px|6px|0px|false|false“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“3.25″ custom_padding=“|||“ custom_padding__hover=“|||“][et_pb_text admin_label=“Text: Intro“ _builder_version=“3.27.4″ text_font=“Julius Sans One||||||||“ text_font_size=“21px“ text_line_height=“1.8em“ text_font_size_tablet=“18px“ text_font_size_phone=“16px“ text_font_size_last_edited=“on|desktop“]11 THINGS I LEARNED SPENDING A YEAR IN BERLIN’S PARKS | <\/strong>part 6<\/span><\/p>\n Die Geschichte Berlins ist in das Gef\u00fcge seiner Parks und \u00f6ffentlichen R\u00e4ume eingeschrieben. Man sieht sie durch ihre Denkm\u00e4ler, ihre Gestaltung und sogar durch den Boden selbst. Man kann Spuren des Zeitablaufs sehen, sowohl geologische als auch vom Menschen geschaffene.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=“3.25″ background_size=“initial“ background_position=“top_left“ background_repeat=“repeat“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“3.25″ custom_padding=“|||“ custom_padding__hover=“|||“][et_pb_text admin_label=“Text History“ _builder_version=“4.4.1″ text_font=“||||||||“ text_line_height=“1.8em“ hover_enabled=“0″ text_font_size_tablet=“18px“ text_font_size_phone=“16px“ text_font_size_last_edited=“on|phone“ text_line_height_tablet=“1.8em“ text_line_height_phone=“1.7em“ text_line_height_last_edited=“on|phone“]<\/p>\n Nicht alle historischen Erinnerungen sind offensichtlich.<\/p>\n Einige Ereignisse sind durch Tafeln und Fotos gekennzeichnet. Doch die meisten historischen Erinnerungen sind nur partiell, und viele bedeutende Ereignisse haben nur wenige sichtbare Spuren hinterlassen.<\/p>\n Ich konsultiere oft Wikipedia oder andere Quellen, nachdem ich die Parks besucht habe, um ein besseres Verst\u00e4ndnis dessen zu bekommen, was ich sehe.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ fullwidth=“on“ _builder_version=“3.22″][et_pb_fullwidth_image src=“https:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/History_SpyStation.jpg“ admin_label=“Image: Teufelsberg“ _builder_version=“3.11.1″][\/et_pb_fullwidth_image][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ _builder_version=“3.22″ custom_padding=“54px|0px|25px|0px|false|false“][et_pb_row _builder_version=“3.25″ background_size=“initial“ background_position=“top_left“ background_repeat=“repeat“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“3.25″ custom_padding=“|||“ custom_padding__hover=“|||“][et_pb_text admin_label=“Text Collective Memories“ _builder_version=“4.4.1″ text_font=“||||||||“ text_line_height=“1.8em“ hover_enabled=“0″ text_font_size_tablet=“18px“ text_font_size_phone=“16px“ text_font_size_last_edited=“on|desktop“ text_line_height_tablet=“1.8em“ text_line_height_phone=“1.7em“ text_line_height_last_edited=“on|phone“]<\/p>\n Kollektive Erinnerungen<\/strong><\/p>\n Die Berlinerinnen und Berliner sind leidenschaftlich an ihrer Stadt und ihrer Geschichte interessiert. Es ist eine sehr geschichtstr\u00e4chtige Stadt, was nicht \u00fcberraschend ist. Und es ist tr\u00f6stlich, eine Reihe von kollektiven Erinnerungen zu teilen. Hier sind einige, die ich schon fr\u00fch w\u00e4hrend meines Aufenthalts gesammelt habe.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=“3.25″ background_size=“initial“ background_position=“top_left“ background_repeat=“repeat“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“3.25″ custom_padding=“|||“ custom_padding__hover=“|||“][et_pb_text admin_label=“Text Rubble“ _builder_version=“4.4.1″ text_font=“||||||||“ text_line_height=“1.8em“ hover_enabled=“0″ text_font_size_tablet=“18px“ text_font_size_phone=“16px“ text_font_size_last_edited=“on|tablet“ text_line_height_tablet=“1.8em“ text_line_height_phone=“1.7em“ text_line_height_last_edited=“on|phone“]<\/p>\n Tr\u00fcmmer<\/strong><\/p>\n Die Tr\u00fcmmer aus dem Zweiten Weltkrieg liegen in Berlin verstreut. Aber man sieht sie vielleicht nicht. Es gibt sie in Form von „Tr\u00fcmmerbergen“. W\u00e4hrend des Krieges warfen die Westalliierten mehr als 65.000 Tonnen Sprengstoff auf Berlin ab. Bis 1945 waren die H\u00e4lfte aller H\u00e4user besch\u00e4digt und 80.000 Menschen obdachlos geworden.<\/p>\n Die Ziegelsteine dieser eingest\u00fcrzten Geb\u00e4ude gingen an acht Orte in der Umgebung Berlins, wobei der ber\u00fchmteste ein H\u00fcgel im Grunewald ist, der Teufelsberg genannt wird. Da er ziemlich hoch lag, richtete die US-Sicherheitsbeh\u00f6rde sp\u00e4ter eine „Spionage“-Station auf dem Gipfel ein, wo sie das sowjetische und ostdeutsche Milit\u00e4r abh\u00f6rten.<\/p>\n Wenn man den „Berg“ oder „Berg“, wie er \u00fcbersetzt wird, hinaufgeht, kann man immer noch Ziegelsteine im Boden sehen, die verraten, dass dieser H\u00fcgel auf den Tr\u00fcmmern gebaut ist. Die Ziegelsteine ragen aus den Wegen heraus, sogar in den Wald hinein.<\/p>\n Wenn Sie genauer hinsehen, werden Sie viele Beweise f\u00fcr das zerbrochene Berlin sehen.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ _builder_version=“3.22″ custom_padding=“0|0px|0|0px|false|false“][et_pb_row column_structure=“1_2,1_2″ use_custom_gutter=“on“ gutter_width=“1″ module_class=“ et_pb_row_fullwidth“ _builder_version=“3.25″ width=“100%“ width_tablet=“100%“ width_phone=““ width_last_edited=“on|desktop“ max_width=“100%“ max_width_tablet=“100%“ max_width_phone=““ max_width_last_edited=“on|desktop“ make_fullwidth=“on“ custom_width_px=“500px“][et_pb_column type=“1_2″ _builder_version=“3.25″ custom_padding=“|||“ custom_padding__hover=“|||“][et_pb_image src=“https:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Victoria-Monument-900.jpg“ align_tablet=“center“ align_phone=““ align_last_edited=“on|desktop“ admin_label=“Image: Victoria Park Monument“ _builder_version=“3.23″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=“1_2″ _builder_version=“3.25″ custom_padding=“|||“ custom_padding__hover=“|||“][et_pb_image src=“https:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Victoria-View-900.jpg“ align_tablet=“center“ align_phone=““ align_last_edited=“on|desktop“ admin_label=“Image: Victoria Park View“ _builder_version=“3.23″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ _builder_version=“3.22″ custom_padding=“28px|0px|54px|0px|false|false“][et_pb_row _builder_version=“3.25″ background_size=“initial“ background_position=“top_left“ background_repeat=“repeat“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“3.25″ custom_padding=“|||“ custom_padding__hover=“|||“][et_pb_text admin_label=“Text: Napolian“ _builder_version=“4.4.1″ text_font=“||||||||“ text_line_height=“1.8em“ hover_enabled=“0″ text_font_size_tablet=“18px“ text_font_size_phone=“16px“ text_font_size_last_edited=“on|desktop“ text_line_height_tablet=“1.8em“ text_line_height_phone=“1.7em“ text_line_height_last_edited=“on|phone“]<\/p>\n Napoleon & die erste Wiedervereinigung<\/strong><\/p>\n Es gibt viele Hinweise auf die Franzosen in Berlin. Vom preu\u00dfischen Denkmal auf der Spitze des Victoria-Parks, das an die Schlachten gegen Frankreich in den napoleonischen Kriegen 1813-1815 erinnert, bis hin zum Engel im Herzen des Tiergartens, der den Sieg in den franz\u00f6sisch-preu\u00dfischen Kriegen 1870\/71 markiert.\u00a0<\/p>\n Gleichzeitig finden Sie auf dem Gendarmenmarkt den Franz\u00f6sischen Dom, der 1705 f\u00fcr die franz\u00f6sische Fl\u00fcchtlingsgemeinschaft der Hugenotten, Protestanten, die vor der religi\u00f6sen Verfolgung in Frankreich fliehen mussten, fertiggestellt wurde.<\/p>\n Ich sehne mich nach dem Tag, an dem die Hilfe f\u00fcr andere mehr gefeiert wird als Krieg und Sieg. Ich habe das Gef\u00fchl, dass Siegesdenkm\u00e4ler die Menschen in die Gem\u00fctsverfassung versetzen, in der sie an Bedrohungen und nationale Identit\u00e4t denken.<\/p>\n Die preu\u00dfische Geschichte ist eine Geschichte der „Vereinigung“, die einen daran denken l\u00e4sst, dass es vorher ein Land gab, dass es zerbrochen und dann wiedervereinigt wurde. Ein besserer Begriff w\u00e4re vielleicht „Nationsbildung“, was weniger idyllisch klingt und genauer widerspiegeln w\u00fcrde, was in einer Zeit in der Geschichte geschah, als die Grenzen im Wandel begriffen waren, als Napoleon in Europa vorr\u00fcckte. Vor Napoleon gab es die Monarchen, die um Grenzen k\u00e4mpften und neu definierten, wer wem Steuern zahlte.<\/p>\n \u00c4hnliche Denkm\u00e4ler des Triumphes sind in ganz Europa errichtet worden. Sie markieren einen Punkt in der Geschichte, an dem die Nation ein wichtiger Begriff war. Die Macht ging von den Monarchen und K\u00f6nigen auf die B\u00fcrger \u00fcber. Doch diese Denkm\u00e4ler verbergen viel Geschichte. Viele Geschichten fehlen, und es f\u00fchlt sich problematisch an, diese Denkm\u00e4ler nicht in einen Kontext zu stellen und erneut zu untersuchen, wie wir den Sieg definieren.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=“1_4,1_2,1_4″ use_custom_gutter=“on“ gutter_width=“2″ _builder_version=“3.25″][et_pb_column type=“1_4″ _builder_version=“3.25″ custom_padding=“|||“ custom_padding__hover=“|||“][et_pb_image src=“https:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Lust-Garten-Lion-750.jpg“ align_tablet=“center“ align_phone=““ align_last_edited=“on|desktop“ admin_label=“Image: Lust Garten Lion“ _builder_version=“3.23″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=“1_2″ _builder_version=“3.25″ custom_padding=“|||“ custom_padding__hover=“|||“][et_pb_image src=“https:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Bismarck-1000.jpg“ align_tablet=“center“ align_phone=““ align_last_edited=“on|desktop“ admin_label=“Image: Bismarck“ _builder_version=“3.23″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=“1_4″ _builder_version=“3.25″ custom_padding=“|||“ custom_padding__hover=“|||“][et_pb_image src=“https:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Lust-Garten-Lion-750.jpg“ align=“center“ align_tablet=“center“ align_phone=““ align_last_edited=“on|desktop“ admin_label=“Image: Lust Garten Lion“ _builder_version=“3.23″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=“3.25″ background_size=“initial“ background_position=“top_left“ background_repeat=“repeat“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“3.25″ custom_padding=“|||“ custom_padding__hover=“|||“][et_pb_text admin_label=“Text: Partial Memories“ _builder_version=“4.4.1″ text_font=“||||||||“ text_line_height=“1.8em“ hover_enabled=“0″ text_line_height_tablet=“1.8em“ text_line_height_phone=“1.7em“ text_line_height_last_edited=“on|phone“]<\/p>\n Teilweise Erinnerungen<\/strong><\/p>\n Die Stadt Berlin hat zwar umfangreiche Arbeit geleistet, um wichtige Denkm\u00e4ler und Orte zu markieren, aber sie hat nicht alles markiert.\u00a0<\/p>\n Die Geschichte ist kompliziert und wurde bisher vor allem von den Preistr\u00e4gern geschrieben. Viele Geschichten bleiben unerz\u00e4hlt oder werden nur teilweise erz\u00e4hlt.<\/p>\n Es gibt eine globale Bewegung, Frauengeschichten in Wikipedia aufzunehmen. Als Teil dieser Bem\u00fchungen gibt es allein in Berlin sechs Treffpunktgruppen, die sich darauf konzentrieren, Frauenstimmen in die dort geschriebene Geschichte einzubringen. Aufgrund ihrer Bem\u00fchungen und meiner Recherchen zu den nach Frauen benannten Berliner Stra\u00dfenschildern habe ich von vielen der fr\u00fchen Feministinnen in Berlin und ihren Beitr\u00e4gen zur Geschichte erfahren.\u00a0<\/p>\n Es gibt auch Pers\u00f6nlichkeiten, die einen prominenten Platz im \u00f6ffentlichen Raum einnehmen, deren Geschichte nicht markiert ist. Eines dieser Monumente ist Bismarck. Ich habe seine Statue zum ersten Mal im Februar im Tiergarten gesehen. Ich war \u00fcberrascht, Bilder einer Sphynx und eines Panthers zu sehen, beide in kompromittierten Positionen. Sybil, das Orakel, liegt auf der feminisierten Sphynx und liest das Buch der Geschichte, w\u00e4hrend Germania auf den Hals des Panthers tritt. Sowohl die Sphynx als auch der Panther repr\u00e4sentieren die Kolonien in Afrika. Anstatt gef\u00fcgig zu sein und die religi\u00f6se Bekehrung und den Abbau von Ressourcen zu begr\u00fc\u00dfen, gab es viele afrikanische Rebellionen, deren Geschichte dank der Arbeit vieler afrikanischer Forscher und Gelehrter an die Oberfl\u00e4che zu kommen beginnt.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ _builder_version=“3.22″][et_pb_row _builder_version=“3.25″ background_size=“initial“ background_position=“top_left“ background_repeat=“repeat“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“3.25″ custom_padding=“|||“ custom_padding__hover=“|||“][et_pb_text admin_label=“Text: Forgotten Memories“ _builder_version=“4.4.1″ text_font=“||||||||“ text_line_height=“1.8em“ hover_enabled=“0″ text_font_size_tablet=“18px“ text_font_size_phone=“16px“ text_font_size_last_edited=“on|desktop“ text_line_height_tablet=“1.8em“ text_line_height_phone=“1.7em“ text_line_height_last_edited=“on|phone“]<\/p>\n Vergessene Erinnerungen<\/strong><\/p>\n In unseren \u00f6ffentlichen R\u00e4umen fehlen viele Stimmen von Menschen, die einen Beitrag zu unseren St\u00e4dten geleistet haben. In Berlin werden einige von ihnen in den Stra\u00dfennamen wiedererkannt, da Berlin sich bem\u00fcht, die Geschlechterkluft zu schlie\u00dfen. K\u00fcrzlich erhielten zwei Stra\u00dfen im afrikanischen Viertel, die mit der gewaltt\u00e4tigen kolonialen Vergangenheit Deutschlands in Verbindung stehen, die Genehmigung, umbenannt zu werden.<\/p>\n Es gibt jedoch noch viele andere Stimmen, von denen wir nichts h\u00f6ren. Es gibt t\u00fcrkische, vietnamesische, afrikanische Stimmen, Menschen, die f\u00fcr Arbeitsrechte, Frauenrechte, Artenrechte standen. Es gibt eine Geschichte jenseits von Krieg, Wissenschaft und Athletik, die Anerkennung verdient. \u00a0<\/p>\n Da die Welt kleiner wird, halte ich es f\u00fcr wichtig, \u00fcber die Werte nachzudenken, die wir teilen wollen. Wir m\u00fcssen herausfinden, wie wir mehr Erz\u00e4hlungen in unsere \u00f6ffentlichen R\u00e4ume bringen und anfangen, unser kollektives Ged\u00e4chtnis in Frage zu stellen.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ _builder_version=“3.22″][et_pb_row column_structure=“1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4″ _builder_version=“3.25″][et_pb_column type=“1_4″ _builder_version=“3.25″ custom_padding=“|||“ custom_padding__hover=“|||“][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=“1_4″ _builder_version=“3.25″ custom_padding=“|||“ custom_padding__hover=“|||“][et_pb_image src=“https:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/11Things_5_PublicSpace-2.jpg“ url=“https:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/2018\/11\/16\/politics-of-space\/“ align_tablet=“center“ align_phone=““ align_last_edited=“on|desktop“ _builder_version=“3.23″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=“1_4″ _builder_version=“3.25″ custom_padding=“|||“ custom_padding__hover=“|||“][et_pb_image src=“https:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/11Things_7_SeekingBeauty.jpg“ url=“https:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/2018\/09\/10\/7-beauty\/“ align_tablet=“center“ align_phone=““ align_last_edited=“on|desktop“ _builder_version=“3.23″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=“1_4″ _builder_version=“3.25″ custom_padding=“|||“ custom_padding__hover=“|||“][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" There is a great thing about communal histories. It feels nice to have a similar framework to talk about. But these communal histories leave out many voices and aspects of the past that still impact people today. Colonialism is finally being acknowledged in academic circles in Germany yet many the colonial public monuments do not yet reflect this dialogue. The parks of Berlin hold history in many obvious, but also many hidden ways.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35007,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":" [et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.11.1\" background_image=\"http:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/11Header_6_History.jpg\"][et_pb_row custom_padding=\"120px||200px|\" _builder_version=\"3.11.1\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\" parallax=\"off\" parallax_method=\"on\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"HISTORY\" _builder_version=\"3.11.1\" text_text_color=\"#ffffff\" text_font_size=\"56px\"]<\/p> HISTORY<\/p> [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"3.0.48\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" custom_padding=\"27px|0px|6px|0px|false|false\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\" parallax=\"off\" parallax_method=\"on\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text: Intro\" _builder_version=\"3.18.7\" text_font=\"Julius Sans One||||||||\" text_font_size=\"21px\" text_font_size_tablet=\"18px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" text_line_height=\"1.8em\"]<\/p> 11 THINGS I LEARNED SPENDING A YEAR IN BERLIN'S PARKS | <\/strong>part 6<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/p> [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row custom_padding=\"2px|0px|4px|0px|false|false\" _builder_version=\"3.11.1\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\" parallax=\"off\" parallax_method=\"on\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text Summary\" _builder_version=\"3.18.7\" text_font=\"||||||||\" text_font_size=\"20px\" text_font_size_tablet=\"18px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" text_line_height=\"1.8em\"]<\/p> Berlin\u2019s history is written into the fabric of its parks and public spaces. You see it through its monuments, design, and even the ground itself. You can see traces of the passage of time, both geological and man-made.<\/p> [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"3.0.48\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\" parallax=\"off\" parallax_method=\"on\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text History\" _builder_version=\"3.18.7\" text_font=\"||||||||\" text_font_size=\"18px\" text_font_size_tablet=\"18px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|phone\" text_line_height=\"1.8em\" text_line_height_tablet=\"1.8em\" text_line_height_phone=\"1.7em\" text_line_height_last_edited=\"on|phone\"]<\/p> Not all the historical memories are obvious. <\/span><\/p> Some events are marked by plaques and photos. Yet most of the historical memories are only partial, and many significant events have left few visible marks. <\/span><\/p> I often find myself consulting Wikipedia or other other sources after visiting the parks in order to get a better understanding of what I am seeing.<\/span><\/p> [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\"][et_pb_fullwidth_image src=\"http:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/History_SpyStation.jpg\" admin_label=\"Image: Teufelsberg\" _builder_version=\"3.11.1\"][\/et_pb_fullwidth_image][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\" custom_padding=\"54px|0px|25px|0px|false|false\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"3.0.48\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\" parallax=\"off\" parallax_method=\"on\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text Collective Memories\" _builder_version=\"3.18.7\" text_font=\"||||||||\" text_font_size=\"18px\" text_font_size_tablet=\"18px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" text_line_height=\"1.8em\" text_line_height_tablet=\"1.8em\" text_line_height_phone=\"1.7em\" text_line_height_last_edited=\"on|phone\"]<\/p> Collective memories<\/b><\/p> Berliners are passionate about their city and its history. It is a city very rich in history so that is not surprising. And it's comforting to share a set of collective memories. Here are a few that I gathered early in my stay.<\/span><\/p> [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"3.0.48\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\" parallax=\"off\" parallax_method=\"on\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text Rubble\" _builder_version=\"3.18.7\" text_font=\"||||||||\" text_font_size=\"18px\" text_font_size_tablet=\"18px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" text_line_height=\"1.8em\" text_line_height_tablet=\"1.8em\" text_line_height_phone=\"1.7em\" text_line_height_last_edited=\"on|phone\"]<\/p> Rubble<\/b><\/p> The rubble from the Second World War is strewn across Berlin. But you may not see it. It exists in the form of \u201cTr\u00fcmmerberge,\u201d or rubble mountains. During the war, the Western Allies dropped more than 65,000 tons of explosives on Berlin. By 1945, half of all houses were damaged and 80,000 people were made homeless. <\/span><\/p> The bricks from these fallen buildings went to eight locations around Berlin, the most famous being a\u00a0hill in Grunewald Forest, called Teufelsberg or Devil\u2019s Mountain. Being quite high, the US National Security Agency later set up a \u201cspy\u201d station at the top, where they listened\u00a0in on the Soviet and East German military.<\/span><\/p> When you walk up the \u2018berg\u2019 or \u2018mountain\u2019 as it is translated, you can still see pieces of brick in the ground revealing that this hill is built upon the rubble. The pieces of brick protrude from the pathways, even inside the forest.<\/span><\/p> Take a closer look and you will see a lot of evidence of broken Berlin.<\/span><\/p> [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\" custom_padding=\"0|0px|0|0px|false|false\"][et_pb_row make_fullwidth=\"on\" custom_width_px=\"500px\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.11.1\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\" parallax=\"off\" parallax_method=\"on\"][et_pb_image src=\"http:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Victoria-Monument-900.jpg\" admin_label=\"Image: Victoria Park Monument\" _builder_version=\"3.11.1\"][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\" parallax=\"off\" parallax_method=\"on\"][et_pb_image src=\"http:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Victoria-View-900.jpg\" admin_label=\"Image: Victoria Park View\" _builder_version=\"3.11.1\"][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\" custom_padding=\"28px|0px|54px|0px|false|false\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"3.0.48\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\" parallax=\"off\" parallax_method=\"on\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text: Napolian\" _builder_version=\"3.18.7\" text_font=\"||||||||\" text_font_size=\"18px\" text_font_size_tablet=\"18px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" text_line_height=\"1.8em\" text_line_height_tablet=\"1.8em\" text_line_height_phone=\"1.7em\" text_line_height_last_edited=\"on|phone\"]<\/p> Napoleon & the first Unification<\/b><\/p> There is a lot of references to the French in Berlin. From the Prussian monument sitting on the top of Victoria Park commemorating battles against France in the Napoleonic Wars, 1813-1815, to the angel at the heart of Tiergarten marking the victory in the Franco-Prussian Wars of 1870\/71.\u00a0<\/span><\/p> At the same time, you find the French Dome in Gendarmenmarkt, completed in 1705 for the French Huguenot refugee community, Protestants who were escaping religious persecution in France. <\/span><\/p> I long for the day when helping others is more celebrated than war and winning. I feel like monuments to victory put people into the frame of mind where they are thinking of threats and national identity.<\/span><\/p> The Prussian story is one of \u201cunification\u201d which makes one think that there was a country before, that it was broken and then reunified. A better term might be nation building, which sounds less idyllic and would more accurately reflect what happened during a time in history when borders were in flux, as Napoleon advanced across Europe. Before Napoleon, there were the monarchs battling for borders and redefining who paid taxes to whom.<\/span><\/p> Similar monuments of triumph have been erected across Europe. They mark a point in history where the nation was an important concept. Power was moving from the monarchs and royalty to the citizens. Yet these monuments hide a lot of history. Many stories are missing, and it feels problematic to not contextualize these monuments and reexamine how we define victory.<\/span><\/p> [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"2\" _builder_version=\"3.11.1\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\" parallax=\"off\" parallax_method=\"on\"][et_pb_image src=\"http:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Lust-Garten-Lion-750.jpg\" admin_label=\"Image: Lust Garten Lion\" _builder_version=\"3.11.1\"][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\" parallax=\"off\" parallax_method=\"on\"][et_pb_image src=\"http:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Bismarck-1000.jpg\" admin_label=\"Image: Bismarck\" _builder_version=\"3.11.1\"][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\" parallax=\"off\" parallax_method=\"on\"][et_pb_image src=\"http:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Lust-Garten-Lion-750.jpg\" align=\"center\" admin_label=\"Image: Lust Garten Lion\" _builder_version=\"3.11.1\"][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"3.0.48\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\" parallax=\"off\" parallax_method=\"on\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text: Partial Memories\" _builder_version=\"3.18.7\" text_font=\"||||||||\" text_font_size=\"18px\" text_line_height=\"1.8em\" text_line_height_tablet=\"1.8em\" text_line_height_phone=\"1.7em\" text_line_height_last_edited=\"on|phone\"]<\/p> Partial memories<\/b><\/p> While the city of Berlin has done extensive work to mark important monuments and places, it hasn't marked everything.\u00a0<\/span><\/p> History is complicated and until now has been mostly written by the winners. Many stories are left untold or are only partially told.<\/span><\/p> There is a global movement to add women\u2019s stories to Wikipedia. As part of this effort, there are six meetup groups in Berlin alone focusing on bringing women\u2019s voices into the history written there. Because of their efforts and my research into Berlin street signs named after women I've learned about many of the early feminists in Berlin and the contributions they've made to history.\u00a0<\/span><\/p> There are also figures given a prominent place in public spaces whose histories are not marked. One such monument is Bismarck. I first saw his statue in Tiergarten back in February. I was surprised to see images of a Sphynx and Panther, both in compromised positions. Sybil, the oracle, is reclining on the feminized sphynx reading the book of history while Germania steps on the neck of the panther. Both the Sphynx and Panther represent the colonies in Africa. Rather than being docile and welcoming to religious conversion and resource extraction, there were many African rebellions\u00a0whose history is starting to surface thanks to work from many African researchers and scholars.<\/span><\/p> [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"3.0.48\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\" parallax=\"off\" parallax_method=\"on\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text: Forgotten Memories\" _builder_version=\"3.18.7\" text_font=\"||||||||\" text_font_size=\"18px\" text_font_size_tablet=\"18px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" text_line_height=\"1.8em\" text_line_height_tablet=\"1.8em\" text_line_height_phone=\"1.7em\" text_line_height_last_edited=\"on|phone\"]<\/p> Forgotten memories<\/b><\/p> Our public spaces are missing many voices of people who contributed to our cities. In Berlin, some of them are being recognized in the names of streets as Berlin aims to close the gender gap. Recently two streets in the African quarter linked to Germany's violent\u00a0colonial past got approval to be renamed.<\/span><\/p> However, there are many other voices that we do not hear from. There are Turkish, Vietnamese, African voices, people that stood for labor rights, women's rights, species rights. There is history beyond war, science and athleticism that is due recognition. \u00a0<\/span><\/p> As the world becomes smaller I feel it is important to reflect on the values we want to share. We need to figure out how to bring more narratives into our public spaces and start questioning our collective memories.<\/span><\/p> [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.11.1\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"3.11.1\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.11.1\" parallax=\"off\" parallax_method=\"on\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.11.1\" parallax=\"off\" parallax_method=\"on\"][et_pb_image src=\"http:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/11Things_5_PublicSpace-2.jpg\" url=\"http:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/2018\/11\/16\/politics-of-space\/\" _builder_version=\"3.11.1\"][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.11.1\" parallax=\"off\" parallax_method=\"on\"][et_pb_image src=\"http:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/11Things_7_SeekingBeauty.jpg\" url=\"http:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/2018\/09\/10\/7-beauty\/\" _builder_version=\"3.11.1\"][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.11.1\" parallax=\"off\" parallax_method=\"on\"][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37270","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unkategorisiert"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37270","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37270"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37270\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35007"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37270"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37270"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parkprojectberlin.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37270"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=“3.25″ custom_padding=“2px|0px|4px|0px|false|false“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“3.25″ custom_padding=“|||“ custom_padding__hover=“|||“][et_pb_text admin_label=“Text Summary“ _builder_version=“4.4.1″ text_font=“||||||||“ text_font_size=“20px“ text_line_height=“1.8em“ hover_enabled=“0″ text_font_size_tablet=“18px“ text_font_size_phone=“16px“ text_font_size_last_edited=“on|desktop“]<\/p>\n